Critical Comments on Today’s Scientific Enterprise.
In any major enterprise, stakeholders can be expected to come forth with critical comments. Science is no exception. We present here a sampling of viewpoints on the status of the current scientific enterprise.
The IVS takes no stand on any of the positions offered in any of these pieces. We merely provide a forum for easy dissemination. Alerts to additional references are most welcome.
Henry Bauer, Dean Emeritus of Arts and Sciences, Virginia Tech, has graciously shared the bibliography below, which includes his summary perceptions. We begin with pieces published since Bauer constructed his bibliography.
Books
Don Braben’s new book (2014): http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118546423.html
The Twilight of the Scientific Age Martin Lopez Corredoira, Brown Walker Press, Boca Raton FL, 2013
Articles, Blogs, Posts
An NPR interview dealing with the impediments faced by scientists pursuing unconventional approaches:
Evidence for the decline of investment in fundamental science:
http://www.sott.net/article/234225-The-Corruption-of-Science-in-America#
A revealing interview with Nobelist Sydney Brenner on the status of the current scientific enterprise:
An amusing (and telling) foray into issues of publishing scientific results. Would be hilarious if not accurate:
http://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/blinded-by-scientific-gobbledygook
A critique the scientific enterprise from former NIH Director and Nobel laureate Harold Varmus and several other scientific leaders,
http://www.pnas.org/content/111/16/5773.full.pdf+html
Henry Bauer’s Bibliography
Critiques of Contemporary science and medicine
Part I — Articles
Science
Barber, Bernard. Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery. Science, 134 (1961) 596-602
(see also Hook in BOOKS)
Bauer, Henry H. The Science Bubble. EdgeScience, #17, February 2014, 3-6; http://cts.vresp.com/c/?SocietyforScientific/0f424188e5/67593d1609/4ebd0c59d1
Bauer, Henry H. Three stages of modern science. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 27 (2013) 505-13
Begley, Sharon. On Second Thought ... Scientists are supposed to change their minds when evidence undercuts their views. Dream on. Newsweek, 12 January 2009; http://www.newsweek.com/id/177740
Charlton, Bruce G. Zombie science: A sinister consequence of evaluating scientific theories purely on the basis of enlightened self-interest. Medical Hypotheses, 71 (2008) 327-9
Crichton, Michael. Aliens cause global warming. Caltech Michelin Lecture, 17 January 2003; http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/Crichton2003.pdf; also in Three Speeches by Michael Crichton, http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/commentaries_essays/crichton_three_speeches.html.
Fanelli, Daniele. How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data. PLoSONE, 4 (2009) e5738 (11 pp.)
Fischman, Josh. Fake peer reviews, the latest from of scientific fraud, fool journals. Chronicle of Higher Education online, 30 September 2012
Ioannidis, John P. A. Why most published research findings are false. PLoSMedicine, 2 (#8, 2005) e124
Ioannidis, John P. A. Fund people not projects. Nature, 477 (2011) 529-31
Kantrowitz, Arthur. Proposal for an Institution for Scientific Judgment, Science, 153 (1967) 763; see Jon R. Cavicchi, The Science Court: A bibliography; http://ipmall.info/risk/vol4/spring/bibliography.htm
Klein, J. Hegemony of mediocrity in contemporary sciences, particularly iin immunology. Lymphology, 18 (1985) 122-31
Krimsky, Sheldon. Do financial conflicts of interest bias research? An inquiry into the ‘‘funding effect’’ hypothesis. Science, Technology, & Human Values, (20 Sptember 2012) 1-22; doi: 10.1177/016224391245627; http://sth.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/09/17/0162243912456271
Lawrence, Peter A. The politics of publication — Authors, reviewers and editors must act to protect the quality of research. Nature, 422 (2003) 259-61
Lawrence, Peter A. The mismeasurement of science. Current Biology, 17 (2007) R583-5.
Lawrence, Peter A. Real lives and white lies in the funding of scientific research: The granting system turns young scientists into bureaucrats and then betrays them. PLoSBiology, 7 (#9, 2009) e1000197
Martinson, Brian C. Universities and the money fix. Nature, 449 (2007) 141-2
Martinson, Brian C., Melissa S. Anderson & Raymond de Vries. Scientists behaving badly. Nature, 435 (2005) 737-8
Miller, Donald W. Jr. The government grant system — Inhibitor of truth and innovation? Journal of Information Ethics, 16 (2007) 59-69.
Muller, Richard A. Innovation and scientific funding. Science, 209 (1980): 880‑883
Nicholson, Joshua M. Collegiality and careerism trump critical questions and bold new ideas: A student’s perspective and solution — The structure of scientific funding limits bold new ideas. BioEssays, 34 (2012) 448-50
Nicholson, Joshua M. & John P. A. Ioannidis. Conform and be funded. Nature, 492 (2012) 34-6
Pollack, G. H. Revitalizing science in a risk-averse culture: reflections on the syndrome and prescriptions for its cure. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 51 (2005) 815-820
Robert Bosch Stiftung [Foundation]. Fälschung, Täuschung, Titelkauf — Wie sichert die Wissenschaft Qualität unde Vertrauen? [Faking, deceiving, unearned authorship — How can science safeguard quality ands trustworthiness?]. 4th Berlin Smeinar, 25 November 2009; http://www.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language1/html/22944.asp
Schekman, Randy. How journals like Nature, Cell and Science are damaging science. The Guardian, 9 December 2013; http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/dec/09/nobel-winner-boycott-science-journals
Slow-Science Academy. The slow science manifesto (2010). http://slow-science.org/slow-science-manifesto.pdf
Smith, Richard. Classical peer review: an empty gun. Breast Cancer Research, 12 (suppl. 4, 2010) S13
Steinhauser, Georg, et al. Peer review versus editorial review and their role in innovative science. Theoretical medicine and bioethics, 33 (2012) 359-76
Stent, Gunther. Prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery. Scientific American, December 1972, 84-93
Titus, Sandra L., James A. Wells and Lawrence J. Rhoades. Repairing research integrity. Nature, 453 (2008) 980-2
Weinberg, Alvin M. Science and trans-science. Minerva, X (1972) 209-222
Wolinsky, Howard. Paths to acceptance — The advancement of scientific knowledge is an uphill struggle against ‘accepted wisdom’. EMBO Reports, 9 (2008) 416-8
Young, Neal S., John P. A. Ioannidis & Omar Al-Ubaydli. Why current publication practices may distort science. PLoSMedicine, 5 (#10, 2008) e201
Whole Journals:
Accountability in Research, founded 1989
Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, founded 2001
Science and Engineering Ethics, founded 1995
Statistics, including in medicine
for bad uses of statistics in medical applications, see Altman and Ioannidis in Medicine
Altman, Douglas G. & J. Martin Bland. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. British Medical Journal, 311 (1995) 485
Bland, J. M. & D. G. Altman. Bayesians and frequentists. British Medical Journal, 317 (1998) 1151-60
Greenland, Sander. Probability logic and probabilistic induction. Epidemiology, 9 (1998) 322-32
Matthews, R. A. J. Facts versus factions: The use and abuse of subjectivity in scientific research. European Science and Environment Forum Working Paper, 1998; reprinted (pp. 247-82) in J. Morris (ed.), Rethinking Risk and the Precautionary Principle, Butterworth, 2000
Matthews, R. A. J. Significance levels for the assessment of anomalous phenomena. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 13 (1999) 1-7
Medicine
Altman, D. G. The scandal of poor medical research. British Medical Journal, 308 (1994) 2831
Angell, Marcia. Drug companies & doctors: A story of corruption. New York Review of Books, 56 (15 January 2009); http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22237
Anon. Do statins have a role in primary prevention? An update. Therapeutics Newsletter, #77, March-April 2010
Ashburn, Ted T. & Karl B. Thor. Drug repositioning: Identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs. Nature Reviews — Drug Discovery, 3 (2004) 673-83
Bauer, Henry H. Seeking Immortality? Challenging the drug-based medical paradigm. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 26 (2012) 867-80
Bauer, Henry H. Know your numbers—at your peril. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 25 (2011) 555-62 (essay review of Jeremy A. Greene, Prescribing by Numbers: Drugs and the Definition of Disease)
Ioannidis, John P. A. Contradicted and initially stronger effects in highly cited clinical research. JAMA, 294 (2005) 218-228
Ioannidis, John P. A. & Orestis A. Panagiotou. Comparison of effect sizes associated with biomarkers reported in highly cited individual articles and in subsequent meta-analyses. JAMA, 305 (2011) 2200-10
Järvinen, T. L., H. Sievänen, P. Kannus, J. Jokihaara & K. M. Khan. The true cost of pharmacological disease prevention. British Medical Journal, 342 (2011) doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2175
McGauran, Natalie, Beate Wieseler, Julia Kreis, Yvonne-Beatrice Schüler, Heike Kölsch & Thomas Kaiser. Review Reporting bias in medical research - a narrative review. Trials, 11 (2010) 37 (15pp.)
Moynihan, Ray. Surrogates under scrutiny: fallible correlations, fatal consequences. British Medical Journal, 343 (2011) doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5160
Nieuwenhuis, Sander, Birte U Forstmann & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers. Erroneous analyses of interactions in neuroscience: a problem of significance. Nature Neuroscience, 14 (2011) 1105-7
Radley, David C., Stan N. Finkelstein & Randall S. Stafford. Off-label prescribing among office-based physicians. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166 (2006) 1021-6
Rose, Nikolas. Disorders without borders? the expanding scope of psychiatric practice. Biosocieties, 1 (2006) 465-84
Schriger, D. L. & D. G. Altman. Inadequate post-publication review of medical research. British Medical Journal, 341 (2010) doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3803
Willman, David. How a new policy led to seven deadly drugs. Los Angeles Times, 20 December 2000; http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-122001fda,0,4840718,full.story
Medicine — Withdrawn Unsafe or Ineffective Drugs
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/757499
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/757499
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs
Part II — Books
Editorial preamble:
1. Many or most of these books are written by insiders who know at first hand whereof they speak.
2. These whistle-blowers are often ostracized by the majority of their professional peers.
3. This plethora of exposés has not led to needed reforms.
4. Most of these books have been published since about 2000 — the situation is getting worse, and quite rapidly
Science
(Cutthroat competition and the consequent corner-cutting if not outright fraud is a major reason for the ills of contemporary science, and there’s a separate section about that immediately below)
Appleyard, Bryan. Understanding the Present: Science and the Soul of Modern Man. Pan Books, 1992; Doubleday, 1993
Barzun, Jacques. Science: The Glorious Entertainmen. Harper & Row, 1964
Bauer, Henry H. Scientific Literacy and Myth of the Scientific Method. University of Illinois Press, 1992
Bauer, Henry H. Fatal Attractions: The Troubles With Science. Paraview Press, 2001
Bauer, Henry H. Dogmatism in Science and Medicine: How Dominant Theories Monopolize
Research and Stifle the Search for Truth. McFarland, 2012
Broad, William, & Nicholas Wade, Betrayers of the Truth: Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science. Simon & Schuster, 1982
Burnham, John C. How Superstition Won and Science Lost. Rutgers University Press, 1987
Charlton, Bruce G. Not Even Trying: The Corruption of Real Science. University of Buckingham Press, 2012
Corredoira, Martín Lopez & Carlos Castro Perelman (eds.). Against the Tide: A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get Done. Universal Publishers, 2008
Greenberg, Daniel S. Science, Money and Politics: Political Triumph and Ethical Erosion. University of Chicago Press, 2001
Greenberg, Daniel S. Science for Sale: The Perils, Rewards, and Delusions of Campus Capitalism. University of Chicago Press, 2007
Hook, Ernest B. (ed). Prematurity in Scientific Discovery: On Resistance and Neglect. University of California Press, 2002
Kabat, Geoffrey C. Hyping Health Risks: Environmental Hazards in Daily Life and the Science of Epidemiology. Columbia University Press, 2008
Krimsky, Sheldon. Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research? Rowman & Littlefield, 2003
Levinson, Ralph, & Jeff Thomas (eds.,) Science Today: Problem or Crisis? Routledge, 1997
Michaels, David. Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008
Mirowski, Philip. Science-Mart: Privatizing American Science. Harvard University Press, 2011
Pielke, Roger A. Jr. The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2007
Radder, Hans (ed.). The Commodification of Academic Research: Science and the Modern University. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.
Standen, Anthony. Science is a Sacred Cow. E. P. Dutton, 1950
Stark, Andrew. Conflict of Interest in American Public Life. Harvard University Press, 2000
Union of Concerned Scientists. Heads They Win, Tails We Lose: How Corporations Corrupt Science at the Public’s Expense. UCS Publications, 2012; www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity
Ziman, John. Prometheus Bound: Science in a Dynamic Steady State. Cambridge University Press, 1994
Medical Science & Medicine
(Psychiatry and Stories of Cutthroat Competition are listed separately below)
Abraham, John. Science, Politics, and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Controversy and Bias in Drug Regulation. St. Martin's Press, 1995
Abramson, John. Overdo$ed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine. HarperCollins, 2004
Adams, Stanley. Roche versus Adams. Jonathan Cape, 1984
Angell, Marcia. The Truth About the Drug Companies: How They Deceive Us and What To Do About It. Random House, 2004
Avorn, Jerry. Powerful Medicines: The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs. Knopf, 2004
Barlett, Donald L. & James B. Steele. Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business — and Bad Medicine. Doubleday, 2004
Braithwaite, John. Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Routledge, 1984/2012
Brody, Howard. Hooked: Ethics, the Medical Profession, and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Rowman & Littlefield, 2006
Brownlee, Shannon. Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine Is Making Us Sicker and Poorer. Bloomsbury, 2007
Conrad, Peter. The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007
Critser, Greg. Generation Rx: How Prescription Drugs Are Altering American Lives, Minds, and Bodies. Houghton Mifflin, 2005
Deyo, Richard A. & Donald L. Patrick. Hope or Hype: The Obsession with Medical Advances and the High Cost of False Promises. AMACOM (American Management Association), 2005
Elliott, Carl. Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream. W.W. Norton, 2003
Goldacre, Ben. Bad Pharma: How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm Patients. Faber & Faber, 2013
Goozner, Merrill. The $800 Million Pill: The Truth behind the Cost of New Drugs. University of California Press, 2004
Gøtzsche, Peter C. Mammography Screening: Truth. Lies and Controversy. Oxford & New York: Radcliffe, 2012
Gøtzsche, Peter C. Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Healthcare. Oxford & New York: Radcliffe, 2013
Greene, Jeremy. Prescribing by Numbers: Drugs and the Definition of Disease. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007
Hadler, Nortin M. The Last Well Person: How to Stay Well Despite the Health-Care System. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2004
Kassirer, Jerome. On The Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health. Oxford University Press, 2004
Kenney, Martin. Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex. Yale University Press, 1986
Lundberg George D., with James Stacey. Severed Trust : Why American Medicine Hasn't Been Fixed. Basic Books, 2000
Mahar, Maggie. Money Driven Medicine: The Real Reason Health Care Costs So Much. Collins, 2006
Medawar, Charles & Anita Hardon. Medicines Out of Control?: Antidepressants and the Conspiracy of Goodwill. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, 2004
Millenson, Michael L. Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information Age. University of Chicago Press, 1997
Moore, Thomas J. Deadly Medicine: Why Tens of Thousands of Heart Patients Died in America's Worst Drug Disaster. Simon & Schuster, 1995
Moore, Thomas J. Prescription for Disaster: the Hidden Dangers in Your Medicine Cabinet. Simon & Schuster, 1998
Moynihan, Ray & Alan Cassels. Selling Sickness: How the World's Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies Are Turning Us All Into Patients. Nation Books, 2005
Mundy, Alicia. Dispensing with the Truth: The Victims, the Drug Companies, and the Dramatic Story behind the Battle over Fen-Phen. St. Martin's Press, 2001
O'Brien, Lawrence J. Bad Medicine: How the American Medical Establishment Is Ruining Our Healthcare System. Prometheus, 2004
Pearce, Neil. Adverse Reactions: The Fenoterol Story. Auckland (NZ): Auckland University Press, 2007
Petersen, Melody. Our Daily Meds: How the Pharmaceutical Companies Transformed Themselves into Slick Marketing Machines and Hooked the Nation on Prescription Drugs. Picador, 2009
Petryna, Adriana. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects. Princeton University Press, 2009
Porter, Roger J. & Thomas E. Malone. Biomedical Research: Collaboration and Conflict of Interest. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992
Ravnskov, U. The Cholesterol Myths.New Trends Publishing, 2000
Relman, Arnold. A Second Opinion: Rescuing America's Health Care. PublicAffairs, 2007
Rodwin, Marc A .Medicine, Money and Morals: Physicians’ Conflicts of Interest. Oxford University Press, 1993
Rost, Peter. The Whistleblower: Confessions of a Healthcare Hitman. New York: Soft Skull Press, 2006
Seaman, Barbara. The Greatest Experiment Ever Performed On Women: Exploding the Estrogen Myth. Hyperion, 2003; Seven Stories Press(2nd ed), 2009
Silverman, Milton Morris. The Drugging of the Americas: How Multinational Drug Companies Say One Thing about Their Products to Physicians in the United States, and Another Thing to Physicians in Latin America. University of California Press, 1976
Silverman, Milton, Philip R. Lee, & Mia Lydecker. Prescriptions for Death : The Drugging of the Third World. University of California Press, 1982
Silverman, Milton, Mia Lydecker & Philip Lee. Bad Medicine: The Prescription Drug Industry in the Third World. Stanford University Press, 1992
Smith, Richard. The Trouble with Medical Journals. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis, now Informa), 2006
Stephens, Trent & Rock Brynner. Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and Its Revival as a Vital Medicine. New York: Basic Books, 2001
Virapen, John. Side Effects: Death. Confessions of a Pharma-Insider. Virtualbookworm.com, 2010
Welch, H. Gilbert. Should I Be Tested for Cancer?: Maybe Not and Here’s Why. University of California Press, 2006
Welch, H. Gilbert, Lisa Schwartz, & Steve Woloshin. Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in the Pursuit of Health. Beacon Press, 2012
Werth, Barry. The Billion-Dollar Molecule. Simon & Schuster, 1994
Yoxen, Edward. The Gene Business. Harper & Row, 1983
Reports:
Evaluation of Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Chronic Disease. Institute of Medicine; Christine M. Micheel & John R. Ball, eds.; National Academies Press, 2010
Perspectives on Biomarker and Surrogate Endpoint Evaluation: Discussion Forum Summary. Institute of Medicine; Alison Mack, Erin Balogh, & Christine Micheel, rapporteurs; National Academies Press, 2011
Stories of Competition in Science, including Medical Science
often Cutthroat & with Cutting of Corners
Angier, Natalie. Natural Obsessions: The Search for the Oncogene. Houghton Mifflin, 1987
Clark, David H. The Quest for SS433. Viking, 1985
Glashow, Sheldon, with Ben Bova. Interactions: A Journey through the Mind of a Particle Physicist and the Matter of the World. Warner, 1988
Goldberg, Jeff. Anatomy of a Scientific Discovery. Bantam, 1988
Hall, Stephen S. Invisible Frontiers: The Race to Synthesize a Human Gene. Atlantic Monthly, 1987
Hazen, Robert M. The Breakthrough: The Race for the Superconductor. Summit, 1988
Hull, David L. Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press, 1988
Kanigel, Robert. Apprentice to Genius: The Making of a Scientific Dynasty. Macmillan, 1986
Kidder, Tracy. The Soul of a New Machine. Little, Brown, 1981
Levinthal, Charles E. Messengers of Paradise: Opiates and the Brain. Anchor/Doubleday, 1988
Lewin, Roger. Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins. Simon & Schuster, 1987
Raup, David M. The Nemesis Affair: A Story of the Death of Dinosaurs and the Ways of Science. Norton, 1999
Regis, Ed . Who Got Einstein’s Office: Eccentricity and Genius at the Institute for Advanced Study. Addison-Wesley, 1987
Schechter, Bruce. The Path of No Resistance: The Story of the Revolution in Superconductivity. Touchstone, 1990
Snyder, Solomon H. Brainstorming: The Science and Politics of Opiate Research. Harvard University Press, 1989
Taubes, Gary. Nobel Dreams: Power, Deceit, and the Ultimate Experiment. Random House, 1986
Teitelman, Robert. Gene Dreams: Wall Street, Academia, and the Rise of Biotechnology. Basic, 1989
Wade, Nicholas. The Nobel Duel: Two Scientists’ 21-Year Race to Win the World’s Most Coveted research Prize. Doubleday, 1981
Watson, James D. The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA. Atheneum, 1968 (a very useful annotated edition including commentaries, reviews, and original articles was edited by Gunther Stent, W. W. Norton 1980)
Psychiatry
Abraham, John, & Julie Sheppard. The Therapeutic Nightmare. Earthscan (UK), 1999
Bass, Alison. Side Effects: A Prosecutor, a Whistleblower, and a Bestselling Antidepressant on Trial. Algonquin Books, 2008
Breggin, Peter. Medication Madness: A Psychiatrist Exposes the Dangers of Mood-Altering Medications. St. Martin's Press, 2008
Caplan, Paula J. They Say You're Crazy: How The World's Most Powerful Psychiatrists Decide Who's Normal. Da Capo Press, 1996
Carlat, Daniel. Unhinged: The Trouble with Psychiatry — A Doctor's Revelations about a Profession in Crisis. Free Press, 2010
Diller, Lawrence H. Running on Ritalin: A Physician Reflects on Children, Society, and Performance in a Pill. Bantam, 1999
Diller, Lawrence H. The Last Normal Child: Essays on the Intersection of Kids, Culture, and Psychiatric Drugs. Praeger, 2006
Diller, Lawrence H. Remembering Ritalin: A Doctor and Generation Rx Reflect on Life and Psychiatric Drugs. Perigee Trade, 2011
Ellis, Albert. Why Some Therapies Don’t Work. Prometheus, 1989
Frances, Allen. Saving Normal: An Insider's Revolt Against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life. William Morrow, 2013
Glenmullen, Joseph. Prozac Backlash: Overcoming the Dangers of Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and Other Antidepressants with Safe, Effective Alternatives. Simon & Schuster, 2001
Greenberg, Gary. Manufacturing Depression: The Secret History of a Modern Disease. Simon & Schuster, 2010
Healy, David. The Creation of Psychopharmacology. Harvard University Press, 2002
Healy, David. Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. NYU Press, 2006
Healy, David. Pharmageddon. University of California Press, 2012
Horwitz, Allan V. Creating Mental Illness. University of Chicago Press, 2003
Horwitz, Allan V., Jerome C. Wakefield, & Robert L. Spitzer. The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2007
Kirsch, Irving. The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Anti-Depressant Myth. Basic Books, 2010
Lane, Christopher. Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness. Yale University Press, 2008
Moncrieff, Joanna. The Myth of the Chemical Cure: A Critique of Psychiatric Drug Treatment. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 (revised ed.)
Watters, Ethan. Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche. Free Press, 2010
Whitaker, Robert. Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill. Basic Books, 2010 (2nd ed.)
Whitaker, Robert. Anatomy of an Epidemic: Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America. Crown, 2010
Academe is a player in all this
(Not included here are the books about corruption of academe
by big-money intercollegiate football and basketball)
Bok, Derek. Universities in the Marketplace: The Commercialization of Higher Education. Princeton University Press, 2003
Giroux, Henry A. The University in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex. Paradigm, 2007
Slaughter, Sheila, & Larry L. Leslie. Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies and the Entrepreneurial University. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997
Soley, Lawrence C. Leasing the Ivory Tower: The Corporate Takeover of Academia.
South End Press, 1995
Washburn, Jennifer. University, Inc.: The Corporate Corruption of American Higher Education. Basic Books, 2005
Weisbrod, Burton A. (ed.). To Profit or Not to Profit: The Commercial Transformation of the Non-Profit Sector. Cambridge University Press, 1998
White, Geoffrey W. & Flannery C. Hauck (eds.). Campus, Inc.: Corporate Power in the Ivory Tower. Prometheus, 2000
